Developed market & Emerging Market

In investing, developed markets are those countries that are thought to be the most developed and therefore less risky.

Developed countries have established and reputable economies, capable of sustaining themselves. A developed market structure requires a completely free market without interference of outside bodies (e.g. government). It requires a free and open flow of information. It requires sufficient quantities available for trade so that buyers and sellers can make trades easily and quickly. It requires that no single player or association of players can control pricing or availability.

There is no one perfect market to hold up as an example. All of the major worldwide markets (oil, wheat, pork, etc.) have government interference. Some, like oil, have oligopolies that control both production and distribution. None of the markets worldwide have completely free flow of information.

Emerging markets strategies focus on traditional fixed income, value and growth equity investments in markets outside of the United States and Western Europe, including Asia and Latin America as well as Eastern Europe, Africa and the less developed Mediterranean economies.  Emerging markets are highly volatile and information relating to the securities traded in these markets is often difficult to obtain.  Such in developed markets offer excellent opportunities for the resourceful manager.

An emerging market is, in short, a country in the process of rapid growth and development with lower per capita incomes and less developed capital markets than developed countries. It includes the famed BRICs, Brazil, Russia, India, and China; and even the PIIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, Spain – also known by the more politically correct moniker GIPSI).

The term emerging markets is commonly used to describe business and market activity in industrializing or emerging regions of the world. Emerging market is "a country where politics matters at least as much as economics to the markets."

Difference in Structure:

The most obvious difference between developed and emerging markets is a demographic one: the age of the population. According to the CIA World Fact book, the median age in Japan, Germany and Italy is 43. By contrast the median age in China is 34, in Brazil, 29, and in India, 25. That's a big age gap, and it's not just the BRIC countries that are younger than the developed markets. Many of the "Next Eleven" are equally youthful. Much as developed people like myself like to believe we are young at heart, these age differences are bound to have implications for marketers, particularly in regard to financial service, health care, and entertainment brands.

One of the biggest differences between developed and emerging markets is the popularity of recreational shopping. When asked what they do to relax, people in developed markets place retail therapy high on the list of preferred activities. By contrast, in emerging markets, where people devote most of their budgets to food and basic needs, TV provides the primary means of relaxation. People might like to shop more, but sitting in front of the TV is affordable.

And this touches on another important difference. Getting the best price is important to both developed and emerging market consumers, but the weight it carries versus brand choice is different. In emerging markets, brands are seen as an important mark of quality and status. People value the reassurance provided by a well-known brand name, and if they can, they may be willing to pay more for it. They believe it is important to get the right brand even if they have to shop around for it (or end up buying a look-alike). In developed markets, people are more likely to assume that all brands stocked by mainstream retailers like Tesco, Target, Home Depot, and Home-base will deliver the same basic quality. Thus they are more prone to use price as a differentiator.

Emerging market risk for equities and bonds is priced in, and always has been, because of historical risks affiliated with their governments, transparency and shareholder rights. But the developed markets were always considered risk free, or beta 1. That can no longer be the case.

My sweet little heaven

           My sweet little heaven is my dream home. Everybody wishes to have a home to live. I am not different from them. I also desired to have a place of mine. It is the place where I cherished to live. I dreamed about it for a long time, a dream that I have seen many times. My dream home is a place of beauty, peace and my passion.

My dream home is a place of endless beauty. It is situated on the top of a hill from where I can glimpse the sea beach. There are trees all around my home. My dream home is a wooden made Bungalow facing towards the sea. The exterior decoration of my home is beautiful. It is painted white in colour which makes it looked gorgeous. My dream home consists of one bedroom, one living room, one dining room, one kitchen and two balconies. Each and every room looked elegant for its interior decoration. All the rooms are beautifully painted in different colours. Each room is decorated with stylish furniture. But there is no burden of furniture or anything. In each room there is two or more window so that enough light can enter into the room. I think my dream home is a home of mind blowing beauty.

My dream home is a place where I can find peace, where my mind can rest in serenity. As it is far from locality, nobody can violate the harmony of this place. The cool airs of hill sooth mind, the vast look of the sea strengthens my heart and green trees around me enlighten my soul. The pleasant environment around my home keeps me always cheerful.  I can do writing, painting and everything I like to do. To me, it is very important to find peace where I live and my dream home is such a place.

My dream home is a symbol of my choice, my emotion and everything that makes me passionate with this dream. Every human being is used to have some dream in his life. People, who don’t have this sort of dream, find no interest in their life. I also have some dream and among them I dreamed about this home mostly. It is very important to me because it conveys my personal preference and fondness.

A dream house might be placed in dream but it is very important to me to turn it into real. Because it will increase my confidence and my imagination power. However I think my dream house is an absolute beauty that keeps my mind in peace & represents my obsession.

Nervous system

The nervous system is a network of fibers and neurons controlling the actions and reactions of the body. Nervous system is mainly a network of a special type of cells which transmit nerve impulses. It process information and causes reaction of various parts of our body. In fact nervous system is responsible for each and every response of our body towards various situations and conduction with object.

Nervous system is basically consists of two types of cells:

        i.            Neuron

      ii.            Glial cells

Neuron: Within nervous system information is basically processed and transmitted through an electrically responsive cell called neuron. Neurons are the central part of the brain, peripheral nerves, the vertebrate spinal cord and invertebrate ventral nerve cord. A variety of neuron exists within a nervous system. Sensory neurons are responsive to the light, sound, heat, touch and numerous other stimuli effecting sensory organs and send signals towards the spinal cord and brain, motor neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord and result muscle contractions and affect glands.

Glial Cells: Glial cells are non-neuronal cells. It provides support and nutrition and participates in the transportation of signal. The number of glia is same as neuron in the human brain. Glial cells provide support and protection for neurons. Glial cells perform four main functions; surround neurons and hold them in place, supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons, destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons and insulate one neuron from another.

Human body consists of 30 types of nerves. They are:

1.      Brain

2.      Cerebellum

3.      Radial nerve

4.      Median nerve

5.      Ulnar nerve

6.      Brachial plexus

7.      Lateral pectoral nerve

8.      Spinal cord

9.      Intercostals nerve

10.  Subcostal nerve

11.  Iliohypogastric nerve

12.  Ilioinguinal nerve

13.  Femoral nerve

14.  Sciatic nerve

15.  Common peroneal nerve

16.  Deep peroneal nerve

17.  Superficial peroneal nerve

18.  Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve

19.  Dorsal digital nerve

20.  Medial plantar nerve

21.  Lateral plantar nerve

22.  Saphenous nerve

23.  Interosseous nerve

24.  Dorsal cutaneous nerve

25.  Tibial nerve

26.  Spinal ganglion

27.  Phrenic nerve

28.  Vagus nerve

29.  Facial nerve

30.  Optic nerve

Types of nervous system:

There are mainly two types of nervous system:

v  Central Nervous System

v  Peripheral Nervous System

Central Nervous system (CNS): CNS is the largest part of the nervous system that functions to coordinate the activity of all parts of the bodies of multicellular organisms. In vertebrates, the central nervous system enclosed in the meninges. It contains the major portion of the nervous system. It consist the brain and the spinal cord. Brain is protected by the skull and the spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae. The whole CNS is covered by the meninges, a three layered protective coat.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): The PNS is a regional term for the collective nervous structure that does not lie in the CNS, either in the brain or spinal cord. But the longer parts of these cells, known as axons, extend through the limbs and the flesh of the forso. The large majority of the axons which are commonly called nerve are considered to be PNS.

The PNS consists of two parts:

1.      Sensory Neurons

2.      Motor Neurons

The Peripheral Nervous System is sub-divided to two parts:

        i.            Sensory-somatic nervous system

      ii.            Autonomic nervous system

Sensory-somatic nervous system: The sensory-somatic nervous system consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerve and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

The cranial nerve:

The spinal nerve:

All of the spinal nerves are “mixed”; that is, they obtain both sensory and motor neurons.

Autonomic Nervous System: ANS is part of the PNS that acts as a control system functioning largely below the level of consciousness, and controls visceral functions. The ANS affect heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, salivation, and perspiration, diameter of the pupils, micturition, and sexual arousal.

ANS is subdivided into two parts:

·         Sympathetic nervous system

·         Parasympathetic nervous system

What Nervous System does:

The main role of the nervous system is to relay electrical signal through the body. The Central Nervous System comprises the brain and the spinal cord, which receive and integrate signals relayed from the sense organs (such as eyes, nose and ears) via the peripheral nervous system. The latter includes the autonomic nervous system, which controls unconscious functions, such as heartbeat and breathing. In response to stimuli, sensory neurons generate and propagate to the CNS which then processes and conducts signals back to the muscles and glands. The neurons of the nervous system of animals are interconnected in complex arrangement and use electrochemical signals and neurotransmitters to transmit impulses from one neuron to another. The interaction of different neurons from neural circuits regulates an organism’s perception of the world and what is going on with its body, thus regulating its behavior.

Reference:

·         en.wikipedia.org

·         users.rcn.com

·         web.jjay.cuny.edu

Precaution before a cyclone storm

Cyclone storm is a natural disaster. Every year many cyclone storm attacks in the coastal area. Cyclone storm destroys many houses. In the time of cyclone storm many coastal areas goes under 3-5 feet water. Many people die in this storm. We can save many people if we take proper precaution before a cyclone storm. We can take proper precaution before a cyclone storm if people aware before cyclone properly, if people follow the instructions properly and if people take proper shelter before cyclone storm.

Firstly, people have to aware properly before cyclone storm. People have to know the latest update of the weather. If weather office gives proper and right information to the people in a right time people can get enough time for their precaution before cyclone storm.

Secondly, should have to follow the instructions properly which is given by the weather office and by the government. Many times weather office gives many types of signals to the people who live in the coastal area. But many people don’t follow these signals. Because many people don’t care about the signals and they thought these signals are all false. They go to the ocean foe fishing and die in the attack of cyclone storm.

Finally, people have to take proper shelter for their safety before cyclone storm. Government made many cyclone shelters for people’s safety. But many people don’t want to go at the cyclone center. They stay at their own home and either affected by the heavy wind of the cyclone or washed away by the water. Before go to the cyclone center people should have to take some dry food with them. They should have to tie up the tube well properly.

Every year, in Bangladesh many people dies by the attack of cyclone storm. But, if people become a little bit more conscious we can save many lives. For this, we have to take proper precaution. If people become more aware, follow the instructions properly and take good or proper shelter before cyclone people can take proper precaution before cyclone storm.